The large temperature difference between cold fluid and hot fluid at both ends of the heat exchanger can make the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger smaller and save equipment investment. However, to make the temperature difference between cooling and heat flow larger, the coolant outlet temperature must be low, leading to a large amount of coolant and an increase in operating costs. Therefore, when one side of the fluid in the heat exchanger is the coolant, the value of the temperature difference between the two ends of the heat exchanger should consider its economic rationality, that is, to choose the appropriate heat exchanger temperature difference between the two ends of the cold and heat flow, so as to minimize the sum of investment and operation costs.

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